Add a new instruction for commenting (#93)
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Yuki Omoto
GitHub
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@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ Team and project-specific instructions to enhance GitHub Copilot's behavior for
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| [ReactJS Development Instructions](instructions/reactjs.instructions.md) | ReactJS development standards and best practices | [](https://vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Freactjs.instructions.md) [](https://insiders.vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode-insiders%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Freactjs.instructions.md) |
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| [Ruby on Rails](instructions/ruby-on-rails.instructions.md) | Ruby on Rails coding conventions and guidelines | [](https://vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fruby-on-rails.instructions.md) [](https://insiders.vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode-insiders%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fruby-on-rails.instructions.md) |
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| [Secure Coding and OWASP Guidelines](instructions/security-and-owasp.instructions.md) | Comprehensive secure coding instructions for all languages and frameworks, based on OWASP Top 10 and industry best practices. | [](https://vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fsecurity-and-owasp.instructions.md) [](https://insiders.vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode-insiders%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fsecurity-and-owasp.instructions.md) |
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| [Self-explanatory Code Commenting Instructions](instructions/self-explanatory-code-commenting.instructions.md) | Guidelines for GitHub Copilot to write comments to achieve self-explanatory code with less comments. Examples are in JavaScript but it should work on any language that has comments. | [](https://vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fself-explanatory-code-commenting.instructions.md) [](https://insiders.vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode-insiders%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fself-explanatory-code-commenting.instructions.md) |
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| [Spring Boot Development](instructions/springboot.instructions.md) | Guidelines for building Spring Boot base applications | [](https://vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fspringboot.instructions.md) [](https://insiders.vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode-insiders%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fspringboot.instructions.md) |
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| [SQL Development](instructions/sql-sp-generation.instructions.md) | Guidelines for generating SQL statements and stored procedures | [](https://vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fsql-sp-generation.instructions.md) [](https://insiders.vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode-insiders%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Fsql-sp-generation.instructions.md) |
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| [Taming Copilot](instructions/taming-copilot.instructions.md) | Prevent Copilot from wreaking havoc across your codebase, keeping it under control. | [](https://vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Ftaming-copilot.instructions.md) [](https://insiders.vscode.dev/redirect?url=vscode-insiders%3Achat-instructions%2Finstall%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fgithub%2Fawesome-copilot%2Fmain%2Finstructions%2Ftaming-copilot.instructions.md) |
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instructions/self-explanatory-code-commenting.instructions.md
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instructions/self-explanatory-code-commenting.instructions.md
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---
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description: 'Guidelines for GitHub Copilot to write comments to achieve self-explanatory code with less comments. Examples are in JavaScript but it should work on any language that has comments.'
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applyTo: '**'
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---
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# Self-explanatory Code Commenting Instructions
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## Core Principle
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**Write code that speaks for itself. Comment only when necessary to explain WHY, not WHAT.**
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We do not need comments most of the time.
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## Commenting Guidelines
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### ❌ AVOID These Comment Types
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**Obvious Comments**
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```javascript
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// Bad: States the obvious
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let counter = 0; // Initialize counter to zero
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counter++; // Increment counter by one
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```
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**Redundant Comments**
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```javascript
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// Bad: Comment repeats the code
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function getUserName() {
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return user.name; // Return the user's name
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}
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```
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**Outdated Comments**
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```javascript
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// Bad: Comment doesn't match the code
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// Calculate tax at 5% rate
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const tax = price * 0.08; // Actually 8%
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```
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### ✅ WRITE These Comment Types
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**Complex Business Logic**
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```javascript
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// Good: Explains WHY this specific calculation
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// Apply progressive tax brackets: 10% up to 10k, 20% above
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const tax = calculateProgressiveTax(income, [0.10, 0.20], [10000]);
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```
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**Non-obvious Algorithms**
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```javascript
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// Good: Explains the algorithm choice
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// Using Floyd-Warshall for all-pairs shortest paths
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// because we need distances between all nodes
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for (let k = 0; k < vertices; k++) {
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for (let i = 0; i < vertices; i++) {
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for (let j = 0; j < vertices; j++) {
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// ... implementation
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**Regex Patterns**
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```javascript
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// Good: Explains what the regex matches
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// Match email format: username@domain.extension
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const emailPattern = /^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$/;
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```
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**API Constraints or Gotchas**
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```javascript
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// Good: Explains external constraint
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// GitHub API rate limit: 5000 requests/hour for authenticated users
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await rateLimiter.wait();
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const response = await fetch(githubApiUrl);
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```
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## Decision Framework
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Before writing a comment, ask:
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1. **Is the code self-explanatory?** → No comment needed
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2. **Would a better variable/function name eliminate the need?** → Refactor instead
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3. **Does this explain WHY, not WHAT?** → Good comment
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4. **Will this help future maintainers?** → Good comment
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## Special Cases for Comments
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### Public APIs
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```javascript
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/**
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* Calculate compound interest using the standard formula.
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*
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* @param {number} principal - Initial amount invested
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* @param {number} rate - Annual interest rate (as decimal, e.g., 0.05 for 5%)
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* @param {number} time - Time period in years
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* @param {number} compoundFrequency - How many times per year interest compounds (default: 1)
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* @returns {number} Final amount after compound interest
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*/
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function calculateCompoundInterest(principal, rate, time, compoundFrequency = 1) {
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// ... implementation
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}
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```
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### Configuration and Constants
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```javascript
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// Good: Explains the source or reasoning
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const MAX_RETRIES = 3; // Based on network reliability studies
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const API_TIMEOUT = 5000; // AWS Lambda timeout is 15s, leaving buffer
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```
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### Annotations
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```javascript
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// TODO: Replace with proper user authentication after security review
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// FIXME: Memory leak in production - investigate connection pooling
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// HACK: Workaround for bug in library v2.1.0 - remove after upgrade
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// NOTE: This implementation assumes UTC timezone for all calculations
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// WARNING: This function modifies the original array instead of creating a copy
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// PERF: Consider caching this result if called frequently in hot path
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// SECURITY: Validate input to prevent SQL injection before using in query
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// BUG: Edge case failure when array is empty - needs investigation
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// REFACTOR: Extract this logic into separate utility function for reusability
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// DEPRECATED: Use newApiFunction() instead - this will be removed in v3.0
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```
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## Anti-Patterns to Avoid
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### Dead Code Comments
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```javascript
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// Bad: Don't comment out code
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// const oldFunction = () => { ... };
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const newFunction = () => { ... };
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```
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### Changelog Comments
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```javascript
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// Bad: Don't maintain history in comments
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// Modified by John on 2023-01-15
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// Fixed bug reported by Sarah on 2023-02-03
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function processData() {
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// ... implementation
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}
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```
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### Divider Comments
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```javascript
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// Bad: Don't use decorative comments
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//=====================================
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// UTILITY FUNCTIONS
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//=====================================
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```
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## Quality Checklist
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Before committing, ensure your comments:
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- [ ] Explain WHY, not WHAT
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- [ ] Are grammatically correct and clear
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- [ ] Will remain accurate as code evolves
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- [ ] Add genuine value to code understanding
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- [ ] Are placed appropriately (above the code they describe)
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- [ ] Use proper spelling and professional language
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## Summary
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Remember: **The best comment is the one you don't need to write because the code is self-documenting.**
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